img

Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Clermontia

oha wai

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees, 1–6 m tall, terrestrial or rarely epiphytic.

Stems: Stems branched repeatedly, spreading, light gray or light brown, glabrous or rarely pubescent, with numerous helically arranged leaf scars near apex, pith solid, latex white, viscous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades 4–12 cm long, 1.5–4.5 cm wide. Apex acute, acuminate, or cuspidate, rarely obtuse or rounded. Base cuneate or attenuate, rarely obtuse or rounded. Lower surfaces glabrous or pubescent along the veins. Margins callose crenulate, rarely callose–serrulate. Petioles 0.8–2.8 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in peduncle 2.2–8.5 cm long; pedicels 1.6–7 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), epigynous, zygomorphic, resupinate, protandrous. Hypanthium 1.1–1.6 (–1.8) cm long, 1.1–1.4 cm in diameter. Calyx synsepalous; tube adnate to the ovary, forming a hypanthium, hemispheric, obconic, obovoid, turbinate, or rarely oblong, smooth or with 10 longitudinal furrows, rarely muricate or with 10 longitudinal ridges; lobes 5, valvate, either less than 1⁄2 as long as the corolla, distinct or rarely connate at base, persistent, triangular or deltate, rarely oblong or ovate, firm, green, or as long as the corolla (rarely only ⅔ as long), connate for 1/5–⅘ their length, deciduous, mimicking the corolla in shape, texture, and color. Perianth 5.1–7 cm long, green, purple, maroon, or rose, often longitudinally striped, the calyx lobes sometimes as little as ⅔ as long as corolla; tube 2.8–6.4 cm long, 0.9–1.4 cm in diameter, curved, wider at middle than at base; lobes 0.9–1.7 (–2.1) cm long, 4–7 mm wide, suberect or slightly spreading. Stamens 5, syngenesious, alternate with the corolla lobes, included or exserted; anthers connate, dithecal, opening introrsely by longitudinal slits, purple or white, the 3 dorsal ones a little longer than the 2 ventral ones, the latter with tufts of stiff white trichomes at apex, otherwise glabrous, or sometimes pubescent along the sutures, rarely so on the surfaces; anther tube 1 1.4 cm long, 2.5–3.5 mm in diameter; filaments 4.8–6.4 cm long, connate above, free from the corolla, purple, magenta, or white, glabrous. Pollen tricolporate, prolate, ellipsoidal. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, 2-loculed; ovule placentation axile, placentae large; style slender, terete (cylindrical), with a ring of stiff white hairs near apex; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes appressed and non–receptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out pollen, after which the stigmas spread and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries 1.6–2.6 cm long; 1–2 cm in diameter; orange; obovoid or subglobose. Seeds numerous; tiny; dark brown or black; minutely foveate–reticulate; shiny; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 14*.

Habitat: Endemic to West Maui; montane bogs.

Elevation Range: 610–1750 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:430 (WM); Lammers 1991:76 (KEY, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora west maui, kukui dry pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN carlquist, s. collector number: 2152 Hawaii BISH 8/10/1966
2 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Wailuku Distr., Keahikauo Bog, northeast of Eke Crater and about 1200 ft below it Bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gustafson, R. 2029 Maui BISH 12/10/1980
3 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Kukui with Metrosideros polymorpha, Coprosma stephanocarpa, Ilex anomala, Freycinetia arborea, Broussaisia arguta PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carlquist, S. 2152 Maui BISH 8/10/1966
4 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora Waihee PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wawra, H. 1955 Maui BISH
5 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, near Nakalalua Thicket near crest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 10237 Maui BISH 2/6/1930
6 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Lahaina District, Lihau Montane Wet Shrubland at 4000 ft in a wet montane forest dominated by a canopy of Metrosideros and Cheirodendron with a diverse subcanopy with Coprosma, Clermontia arborescens, Pelea, Cyanea macrostegia, and native ferns and sedges in the understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Welton, P. 1179 Maui BISH 8/24/1991
7 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora w maui, puu kukui S of trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. collector number: 1784 Maui BISH 6/21/1965
8 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, NW Kukui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crosby, M.R. 1877 Maui BISH 7/20/1984
9 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Kukui bog; with Metrosideros polymorpha, Argyroxiphium grayanum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carlquist, S. 2139 Maui BISH 8/10/1966
10 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora lahaina distr., honokawai ahupuaa, tr 36(20), along puu kukui trail, west maui forest reserve Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. On low exposed slopes. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 3033 Maui BISH 8/14/1980
11 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Lahaina, Violet Lake, 1 mi. NNW of Puu Kukui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lammers, T.G. 5673 Maui BISH 7/14/1984
12 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Honokawai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8205 Maui BISH 8/1/1910
13 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora west maui, honokawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8193 Maui BISH 8/8/1910
14 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Puu Kukui In swamp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Maui BISH 8/16/1933
15 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W. Maui: between Puu Kukui and Nakalalua. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cranwell, L.M. 2707 Maui BISH 7/26/1938
16 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W.Maui: Puu Kukui, on ridge, Trail to Nakalalua. On ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cranwell, L.M. 2687 Maui BISH 7/26/1938
17 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Lahaina District, Haelaau, Honokahua-Amalu ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cranwell, L.M. 3924 Maui BISH 8/1/1938
18 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora west maui, near nakalalua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 10237 Maui BISH 2/6/1930
19 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora w maui, lahaina district, haelaau, honokahua-amalu ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cranwell, l.m. selling, o.; skottsberg, c. collector number: 3924 Maui BISH 8/1/1938
20 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora west maui, wailuku distr., keahikauo bog, northeast of eke crater and about 1200 ft below it Roadside near estate. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gustafson, r. collector number: 2029 Oahu BISH 12/10/1980
21 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora waihee In cave at end of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wawra, h. collector number: 1955 Oahu BISH
22 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Puu Kukui rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Maui BISH 8/16/1933
23 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Haelaau-Puu Kukui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 88 Maui BISH 12/19/1928
24 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora w maui, puu kukui forest below summit PRESERVED_SPECIMEN skottsberg, c.j.f. collector number: 747 Maui BISH 10/9/1922
25 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Kukui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 2428 Maui BISH 7/2/1972
26 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Puu Kukui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 432 Maui BISH 9/25/1916
27 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora west maui, honokawai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8205 Maui BISH 8/8/1910
28 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora w maui, lahaina district, puu kukui trail with Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron trigynum, Ilex anomala, Dryopteris glabra, Broussaisia arguta, Vaccinium dentatum, Stenogyne kamehamehae, Nertera granadensis, Peperomia eekana, Nothoperanema rubiginosum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN meidell, j.s. oppenheimer, h. collector number: 135 Maui BISH 7/24/1996
29 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 3033 Maui BISH
30 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora w maui, puu kukui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 432 Maui BISH 9/25/1916
31 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora west maui, haelaau-puu kukui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 88 Maui BISH 12/19/1928
32 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Puu Kukui Growing in draw to right (south) of trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 1784 Maui BISH 6/21/1965
33 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora west maui, kukui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. hobdy, r. collector number: 2428 Maui BISH 7/2/1972
34 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Puu Kukui forest below summit PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Skottsberg, C.J.F. 747 Maui BISH 10/9/1922
35 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W Maui, Lahaina District, trail from Kaulalewelewe to Violet Lake wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lammers, T.G. 5678 Maui BISH 7/14/1984
36 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora w maui, lahaina district, trail from kaulalewelewe to violet lake PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lammers, t.g. hobdy, r. collector number: 5678 Maui BISH 7/14/1984
37 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora Lahaina Distr., Honokawai ahupuaa, Tr 36(20), along Puu Kukui Trail, West Maui Forest Reserve Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. On low exposed slopes. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 3033 Maui BISH 8/14/1980
38 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora Puu Kukui. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 619 Maui BISH 9/25/1916
39 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W. Maui, Eke Crater & ridge to South. Regional elev. 4350-4450 ft. Metrosideros-Machaerina Montane Wet Bogs and Wet Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 5531 Maui PTBG 8/28/1996
40 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora east maui, puu o kakae, waikamoi preserve of tnc, west side of puu Very abundant on humus in Ohia forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman, k. wood & j. lau 16070 DUKE 9/19/1997
41 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W. Maui, Kahakuloa NAR, north of Eke Crater, east of Honokohau. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 14768 NY 9/1/2011
42 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W. Maui: Hanaula. Regional elev.2800-3800 ft. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron Montane Wet Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 2745 Maui PTBG 9/14/1993
43 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W. Maui: Eke and surrounding ridges (Kahakuloa & ridges into Waihee). Regional elev 3400--4400 ft. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron Montane Shrubland and windswept bogs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 6077 Maui PTBG 3/21/1997
44 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora puu kukui, w maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. gillett & b. hobdy 2428 Maui US 8/2/1972
45 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora South of Kipahulu Valley, Transect 18 from Kekuhewa camp. Acacia koa-Metrosideros montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 16051 Maui PTBG 9/1/2003
46 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora w maui: puu kukui summit area, on ridge between puu kukui & east (flat top) bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman 16903 Maui US 12/21/1999
47 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W. Maui, Kahakuloa NAR, North of Eke crater, east of Honokohau, wind swept ridge and steep slopes. Open bog community of Metrosideros polymorpha and Machaerina angustifolia and low canopy Metrosideros wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 14759 Maui PTBG 9/1/2011
48 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W. Maui, Puu Kukui summit area, on ridge between Puu Kukui & East (flat top) bog. Metrosideros wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 16903 Maui PTBG 12/21/1999
49 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora Puu O Kakae, Waikamoi preserve of TNC, East Maui, West side of Puu. Acacia koa- Metrosideros wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 16070 Maui PTBG 9/1/2019
50 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora Puu Kukui, West Maui. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Winona Char PKWM 38-76 Maui PTBG 1/5/1976
51 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W. Maui, Kahakuloa NAR, North of Eke crater, east of Honokohau, wind swept ridge and steep slopes. Open bog community of Metrosideros polymorpha and Machaerina angustifolia and low canopy Metrosideros wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 14768 Maui PTBG 9/1/2011
52 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora South of Kipahulu Valley, upper Manawainui drainages, lower fence line. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 16062 Maui PTBG 9/1/2005
53 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora honokawaii, west maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 8193 Maui US
54 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora honokawaii, west maui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 8913 Maui US
55 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora w. maui, kahakuloa nar, north of eke crater, east of honokohau. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood 14768 Oahu US 9/1/2011
56 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W. Maui: Honokahua-Amalu ridge, above Haelaau. Ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cranwell, L.M. 3923 Maui BISH 7/28/1938
57 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora W. Maui: Haelaau-Puu Kukui trail. Trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 102 Maui BISH 12/18/1928
58 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora west maui, lahaina, violet lake, 1 mi. nnw of puu kukui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lammers, t.g. hobdy, r. collector number: 5673 Oahu BISH 7/14/1984
59 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora west maui, nw kukui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN crosby, m.r. anderson, w.r. collector number: 1877 Maui BISH 7/20/1984
60 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora west maui, puu kukui In swamp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 8/16/1933
61 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora west maui, kukui Growing in an open, dry, steep face. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN carlquist, s. collector number: 2139 Oahu BISH 8/10/1966
62 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora Puu Kukui. Rain Forest at the top. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wilbur, R.L. 800 Maui BISH 6/26/1948
63 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora West Maui, Honokawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8193 Maui BISH 8/1/1910
64 Clermontia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora w maui, puu kukui rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. Maui BISH 8/16/1933
Back to Top